*Please view on PC or landscape on your phone for best results for the below table!*

In Spanish, the alphabet consists of 27 letters. Now, the good news for you, the person learning Spanish is that most of the letters within Spanish are very similar to their English variations. This means that a lot of the letters you already know are in Spanish and although they might have a slight different pronunciation, they are essentially the same. 

This wasn’t always the case, the Spanish language actually had 29 – 30 letters before, but officially in 2010, the Real Academia Española decided to cut the alphabet down and get rid of “ll” and “ch” from the alphabet (Spanish411.net). This would provide us with the 27 that we have now, with the remaining “extra” letter being “n” which we will cover below, which is a letter unique to the Spanish language.

Letter               Spanish (Name)          English (equivalent)                Pronunciation

   A                      a                                             ah                            like the a in father (ex. Amigo,                                                                                                                       friend)

   B                     be                                         bay/be                         Pronounced like “b” in bed                                                                                                                            (pronounced softly). Ex. Bebè

   C                     ce                                             say                            Pronounced before a, o, u, like the                                                                                                                 “c” in can; before e, I, like the “c” in “cent”.                                                                                                 Ex. Casa (house).    

   D                     de                                            day                           like the d in “bed” but with the                                                                                                                      tongue forward, almost like the th in                                                                                                 “the”. Also like the “d” in dog.                                                                                                                Ex: Dedo (finger).

   E                      e                                              ay                             like the ay in pay or the e in bed. Ex.                                                                                                             Elefante, elephant.

   F                     efe                                         ay-fay                         like the English f. Like f in fun. Ex.                                                                                                               Familia, family.

   G                    ge                                            hay                            before a, o, u like g in “get”; before                                                                                                               e, i, like an English h. Ex. Gato, cat.

   H                  hache                                       ah-chay                        always silent and never pronounced.                                                                                                  Ex. “hora” – pronounced ora (means hour).

   I                       i                                                ee                             Pronounced like the ee like in “bee” or “feet”. Ex. Isla, island.

   J                    jota                                            ho-ta                         like the English h. Ex. “jardín, garden.

   K                    ka                                             kah                           like the English k. This is not used                                                                                                                 often and used in words borrowed from other languages.

   L                     ele                                             ay-lay                       like the English l. Pronounced like l                                                                                                               in love. Ex. Libro, book.

   M                  eme                                            ay-may                     like the English m. Like “m” in                                                                                                                     mother. Ex. “mesa”, table.     

   N                   ene                                             ay-nay                      like the English n. Like the “n” in                                                                                                                  nice. Ex. “nombre”, name.

   Ñ                  eñe                                             ay-nyay                    like the ny in “canyon”. Ex. Niño,                                                                                                                 boy.    

   O                    o                                                   oh                         like the o in “no” or o in “hot”. Ex.                                                                                                                “ojo”, eye.

   P                     pe                                                pay                        like the English p. “P” in “pet”.                                                                                                                     Perro, dog.                 

   Q                    cu                                                koo                        like the English k. “K” in “kind”. Ex.                                                                                                             “queso”, cheese.

   R                  ere                                              ay-ray                      like the English r, but softer, almost                                                                                                               sounding like a d. Also, pronounced                                                                                                             “r” in “red”. Example: "ratón"                                                                                                                        (mouse).                       

   S                   ese                                              ay-say                      like the English s. Pronounced like                                                                                                                “s” in “sun”. Ex. “sol”, sun.   

   T                     te                                                 tay                         like the English t. Pronounced like                                                                                                                 “t” in “top”. Ex. “tigre”, tiger.

   U                    u                                                  oo                          like the “oo” in “pool”. Also,                                                                                                              pronounced like the “u” in “rude”.                                                                                                                 Ex. “único” (unique). 

   V                  uve                                             oo-vay                      almost no difference between the letters b and v within Spanish.                                                                                                                        Pronounced “b” like in “bed”. Ex. (vaca), cow.                

   W            doble uve                                     oo-vay do-blay            like the English W. “W” in wet. Ex.                                                                                                               "wáter" (water).            

   X               equis                                                ay-kees                   like the English x. “X” in “extra”.                                                                                                                  Ex. "Xilófono", (xylophone).

   Y                  ye                                                   yay                       like the English y; like the “y” in                                                                                                                   “yes”. Ex. “yate”, yacht.        

   Z                zeta                                                   say-ta                     like the English s. Like the “s” in                                                                                                                   “sun”. Ex. “zorro”, fox.         

Although these will be the main letters you will encounter in the language, there are some variations within the alphabet (depending on where you are and who you are talking to) that could bring the 27 letters to 30 or anything in between).

These extra letters could include “ch”, “rr” and “ll” which use to be letters of the Spanish alphabet before they were phased out, but could also included “k” or “w” or not. This is the beautiful flexibility of Spanish, but don’t worry, for the most part the letters within the above table are the main and official alphabet within Spanish. We mention these former and variations of the alphabet so that you can be aware of it, in case this comes up (might happen within certain regions or talking with elder speakers).

It’s also important to note that the pronunciation of some letters in Spanish can vary depending on the region or dialect of Spanish being spoken. Additionally, some letters may have different sounds when combined with certain other letters, known as a "diacritic." For example, "c" is pronounced like "s" when followed by "e" or "i" (such as in "centro" (center) or "ciudad" (city). It's always best to practice your pronunciation with native speakers or by listening to native speakers to improve your accent and fluency.

Sources:

https://spanish411.net/Spanish-Alphabet.asp